![]() ![]() We are therefore mainly considering depleted gas fields and, to a limited extent, saline aquifers. ![]() After carbon capture, underground storage is the only option, and at such volumes, salt caverns are completely inadequate. Emission reductions involve huge amounts – tens of millions of tonnes annually in the Netherlands alone and hundreds of millions of tonnes each year for Europe. Why should carbon be stored?īecause we need to isolate CO2 permanently from the atmosphere. Reuse of CO2 is very likely to be deployed on a much smaller scale than CCS. Unlike CCS, CCU does not lead to emission reductions per se, except that it replaces fossil fuels to some extent. This is because you can also convert CO2 into valuable chemical building blocks from which you can make other products, such as electric fuels (e-fuels). The ‘U’ therefore stands for utilisation, or the reuse of CO2, while the ‘T’ stands for transport from the place where you capture the carbon to underground storage or a facility where you will do something else with it. It stands for Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS), and there is even CCTUS. A third way is to remove the CO2 present in the atmosphere using special technologies (direct air capture). But at TNO, we are also developing methods to remove CO2 early in the process (pre-combustion). You capture the carbon from flue gases after burning gas, coal, or waste. at the end of an industrial process, which is called post-combustion. The most common is carbon capture ‘at the smokestack’, i.e. Roughly speaking, there are two ways of doing this. CCS leads fairly quickly to major reductions in carbon emissions, in particular from energy-intensive industry and power plants. We will still be dependent on fossil fuels for our energy supply for a long time to come, despite global efforts, not least by TNO, to find sustainable alternatives. Because we need to prevent further climate change as much as possible and reduce CO2 emissions as quickly as possible, we cannot escape CCS. But the greenhouse gas CO2 is a cause of global warming. For a sustainable energy system alone, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is not really needed. We can solve the problem of climate change – to a not insignificant extent, that is. What problem do we solve with carbon capture and storage? ![]()
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